Initialized decadal prediction for transition to positive phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation

Abstract

The phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) impacts global temperatures. Here, the authors show that a build-up of off-equatorial western tropical Pacific heat content allows ENSO events to trigger IPO phase changes, with a predicted switch to a positive IPO for 2015–2019 and larger warming trends.