Наукові горизонти (Jul 2020)
SUPPLIES OF PRODUCTIVE MOISTURE AND YIELDING CAPACITY OF CROPS ROTATION DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEMS OF BASIC TILLAGE AND FERTILIZING
Abstract
The main factor limiting the high productivity of agrophytocenoses of crops is accumulation of the productive moisture in the soil layer rich in roots, especially during the crucial periods of plant growth and development. The investigation into the impact of certain elements of agricultural technologies for cultivating crops on the soil water regime under conditions of the climate change is of pressing issue. The paper presents results of the research into the influence of long-term application of systems of the basic tillage and fertilizing on the moisture supplies available to plants. The highest supplies of moisture available in the soil layer 0-20 cm were found in the chisel system of main cultivation in the stage of fully sprouted crops affected by mineral fertilizing. The supplies in the mouldboard plowing and shallow disk systems with indicators of 23.9 mm approximated to them. The highest reserves of available moisture were observed in shallow disk systems (26.4 mm). In the middle stage of crop vegetation along with the mineral fertilizing the highest level of moisture available (122.1 mm) was found in a meter layer of soil under the mouldboard plowing system. The suppliers of moisture available (129.2 mm) in the mouldboard plowing system proved to be the highest under the same conditions of organic and mineral fertilizing. The yielding capacity of white mustard (1.89 t/ha) and soybeans (2.06 t/ha) were the highest after mineral fertilizers applied in the mouldboard plowing system. The subsurface tillage system proved to be the best for obtaining high yield of spring barley (4.06 t/ha) and winter wheat (5.8 t/ha). The application of organic and mineral fertilizers promoted to the increase of yielding capacity of all crops with the corresponding indices 1.89 t/ha, 2.02 t/ha, 4.14 t/ha, 5.93 t/ha in the mouldboard plowing system
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