A Detailed Exploration of the Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedure with Center-Specific Advancements

Abstract

The Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment (EXIT) procedure has long been an invaluable tool in managing complex fetal conditions requiring airway interventions during the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life. This technical note offers an in-depth examination of the EXIT procedure, emphasizing the refinements and innovations introduced at our center. The technique focuses on meticulous preoperative assessment and uses distinctive techniques and anesthetic methodologies. A multidisciplinary team assembles to plan the EXIT procedure, emphasizing patient communication and risk discussion. Our technique involves atraumatic access to the uterine cavity, achieved through the application of a uterine progressive distractor developed for this purpose. Following the use of this distractor, vascular clamps and a stapling device (Premium Poly Cs-57 Autosuture®, Medtronic) are employed. Our anesthetic approach employs general anesthesia with epidural catheter placement. Maternal operation involves low transverse laparotomy and intraoperative ultrasonography-guided hysterotomy. Fetal exposure includes gentle extraction or external version, ensuring airway access. After securing fetal airway access, umbilical cord clamping and maternal abdominal closure conclude the procedure. By revisiting the core principles of EXIT and incorporating center-specific advancements, we enhance our understanding and technical expertise. To our knowledge, this is the first time a detailed description of the technique has been published.

Keywords

• ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure
• fetal therapies
• pregnancy outcomes