A High Performance All-Textile Wearable Antenna for Wristband Application

Asma Ejaz; Iqra Jabeen; Zia Ullah Khan; Akram Alomainy; Khaled Aljaloud; Ali H. Alqahtani; Niamat Hussain; Rifaqat Hussain; Yasar Amin

doi:10.3390/mi14061169

Micromachines (May 2023)

A High Performance All-Textile Wearable Antenna for Wristband Application

Asma Ejaz,
Iqra Jabeen,
Zia Ullah Khan,
Akram Alomainy,
Khaled Aljaloud,
Ali H. Alqahtani,
Niamat Hussain,
Rifaqat Hussain,
Yasar Amin

Affiliations

Asma Ejaz: ACTSENA Research Group, Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan
Iqra Jabeen: ACTSENA Research Group, Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan
Zia Ullah Khan: Antenna and Electromagnetics Research Group, School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London SE1 9DE, UK
Akram Alomainy: Antenna and Electromagnetics Research Group, School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London SE1 9DE, UK
Khaled Aljaloud: College of Engineering, Muzahimiyah Branch, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Ali H. Alqahtani: College of Engineering, Muzahimiyah Branch, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Niamat Hussain: Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Rifaqat Hussain: Independent Researcher, London E1 4NS, UK
Yasar Amin: ACTSENA Research Group, Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14061169
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 14, no. 6
p. 1169

Abstract

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A compact, conformal, all-textile wearable antenna is proposed in this paper for the 2.45 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band. The integrated design consists of a monopole radiator backed by a 2 × 1 Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) array, resulting in a small form factor suitable for wristband applications. An EBG unit cell is optimized to work in the desired operating band, the results of which are further explored to achieve bandwidth maximization via floating EBG ground. A monopole radiator is made to work in association with the EBG layer to produce the resonance in the ISM band with plausible radiation characteristics. The fabricated design is tested for free space performance analysis and subjected to human body loading. The proposed antenna design achieves bandwidth of 2.39 GHz to 2.54 GHz with a compact footprint of 35.4 × 82.4 mm2. The experimental investigations reveal that the reported design adequately retains its performance while operating in close proximity to human beings. The presented Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis reveals 0.297 W/kg calculated at 0.5 W input power, which certifies that the proposed antenna is safe for use in wearable devices.

Published in Micromachines

ISSN: 2072-666X (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Technology: Mechanical engineering and machinery
Website: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/micromachines

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