Nature and Science of Sleep (Feb 2024)
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Sleep Condition Indicator: A Clinical Screening Instrument Based on the DSM-5 Criteria for Insomnia
Abstract
Hilal Uygur,1 Oli Ahmed,2 Omer Faruk Uygur,3 Christopher B Miller,4,5 Onur Hursitoglu,6 Aynur Bahar,7 Dudu Demiroz,8 Christopher L Drake9,10 1Department of Psychiatry, Erzurum Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey; 2Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh; 3Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey; 4Big Health Ltd, London, UK; 5Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 6Department of Psychiatry, Sular Academy Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey; 7Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Gaziantep University Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep, Turkey; 8Department of Psychiatry, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey; 9Henry Ford Hospital Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Detroit, MI, USA; 10Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State College of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USACorrespondence: Hilal Uygur, Department of Psychiatry, Erzurum Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey, Tel +90 (442) 4321000, Email [email protected]: We aimed to adapt the Turkish Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI) version and examine its psychometric properties among the general population.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. The item-total correlation, standard error of measurement, Cronbach’s α, and McDonald’s ω were used for internal consistency. We ran confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and network analysis to confirm the factor structure. Multigroup CFA was run to assess the measurement invariance across gender, whether clinical insomnia or not, and poor sleep quality. We correlated SCI scores with Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores to evaluate construct validity. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to calculate the cut-off score of the SCI. The temporal stability was examined with the intraclass correlation coefficient.Results: Eight hundred thirty-four participants attended. Over half of the participants were women (63.2% n = 527); the mean age was 36.15 ± 9.64. Confirmatory factor and network analysis results show that the two-factor correlated model had a good model fit for the SCI. The SCI had scalar level invariance across gender, having clinical insomnia and poor sleep quality in the Multigroup CFA. ROC curve analysis shows that the SCI has good sensitivity (90.3%) and specificity (91.8%) for cut-off ≤ 15. The intraclass correlation coefficient computed between the first and second SCI total scores was significant (r=0.80 with a 95% confidence interval from 0.78 to 0.87; p < 0.001).Conclusion: The Turkish SCI is a practical self-reported insomnia scale with good psychometric properties that can be used to screen for insomnia disorder.Keywords: questionnaire, insomnia screening, sleep condition indicator, validity, reliability
