Clinics and Practice (Jul 2023)

Clinico-Pathological Features and Immunohistochemical Comparison of p16, p53, and Ki-67 Expression in Muscle-Invasive and Non-Muscle-Invasive Conventional Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma

  • Abdulkarim Hasan,
  • Yasien Mohammed,
  • Mostafa Basiony,
  • Mehenaz Hanbazazh,
  • Abdulhadi Samman,
  • Mohamed Fayek Abdelaleem,
  • Mohamed Nasr,
  • Hesham Abozeid,
  • Hassan Ismail Mohamed,
  • Mahmoud Faisal,
  • Eslam Mohamed,
  • Diaa Ashmawy,
  • Mohamed Tharwat,
  • Deaa Fekri Morsi,
  • Abeer Said Farag,
  • Eman Mohamed Ahmed,
  • Noha M. Aly,
  • Hala E. Abdel-Hamied,
  • Doaa E. A. Salama,
  • Essam Mandour

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract13040073
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13, no. 4
pp. 806 – 819

Abstract

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Introduction: The identification of bladder detrusor muscle invasion in urothelial cancer is essential for prognosis and management. We studied the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical expression of p16, p53, and Ki-67 in urothelial detrusor muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and urothelial non-detrusor muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in Egyptian patients. Methods: Sixty-two bladder urothelial cancer cases obtained through TURBT were included and divided into two groups: (MIBC, stage T2) and NMIBC (T1). Tissue blocks were recut and re-examined microscopically; then, the immunostaining of p16, p53, and Ki-67 was performed to compare both groups and evaluate the 13% cut-off for Ki-67, 20% for p53, and p16 intensity in various conditions aided by telepathology technology. Results and conclusion: Hematuria was the main clinical first presentation, with no significant difference between either group. The mean age was 61.6 years, with male predominance (52 males and 10 females). The absence of papillary histological pattern was associated with a higher stage, including detrusor muscle invasion (p = 0.000). The overall average percent of p53 immunostaining was 12.9%, revealing no significant difference between MIBC and NMIBC when a cut-off of 20% was implicated. The Ki-67 expression was correlated with higher grade and muscle invasion; however, no association was found with the other two markers’ expression. The negative immunostaining of p16 was associated with low grade and NMIBC in the case of the preservation of the papillary pattern. We recommend further studies on the cut-off of widely used markers and more immunohistochemical and genetic studies on the p16(INK4A), taking into consideration the histological pattern of conventional carcinomas.

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