Geodetski Vestnik (Jan 2009)
Definicija, realizacija in vzdrževanje modernih koordinatnih sistemov : Definition, Realization and Maintenance of Modern Coordinate Systmes
Abstract
SI: Prispevek obravnava načela definicije, realizacije in vzdrževanja koordinatnih sistemov. S satelitskimi metodami določanja položaja se je pojavila potreba po enotnem globalnem koordinatnem sistemu, definiranem na podlagi CTRS. Najbolj kakovostna realizacija CTRS je koordinatni sestav ITRF. Na podlagi ITRF so se vzpostavili nekateri regionalni koordinatni sistemi (ETRS89, NAD83, GDA94 ...) za potrebe držav ali celin. Prednost regionalnih koordinatnih sistemov je predvsem, da so koordinate točk v takšnem sistemu manj obremenjene (ali pa sploh niso) z globalno geodinamiko. Bistven pomen pri vzdrževanju koordinatnih sistemov imajo danes omrežja permanentnih postaj, ki zagotavljajo stalna opazovanja GNSS. Ta zagotavljajo neprekinjeno ocenjene koordinate omrežja permanentnih postaj,ki so podlaga za presojo kakovosti in stabilnosti koordinatnega sistema. Prispevek obravnava tudi stanje v Sloveniji in podaja napotke k izgradnji državnega koordinatnega sistema najvišje kakovostiin stabilnosti. EN: This article describes theoretical principles of defining, realizing and maintaining of coordinate systems. Satellite-aided positioning has increased demands for a unique global coordinate system that is based upon CTRS. CTRS realization with highest precision is achieved through ITRF. On a basis of ITRF, variousregional coordinate systems have been defined and realized (ETRS89, NAD83, GDA94 etc.) for geodetic application needs at the state or continent level. The priority of regional coordinate systems over global coordinate systems is above all in fact that coordinatesin regional coordinate system are less affected (or even not affected) by global geodynamics. The fundamental significance in maintaining coordinate systems are in continuously operating permanent stations that assure continuous GNSS observations, which are a basis for coordinate time series of permanent stations thatare fundamental for quality and stability assurance of the coordinate system. This article also deals with situation in Slovenia and presents directives towards the realization of a state coordinate system of highest precision and stability.
