Journal of Lipid Research (May 2005)
A comprehensive classification system for lipids1
- Eoin Fahy,
- Shankar Subramaniam,
- H. Alex Brown,
- Christopher K. Glass,
- Alfred H. Merrill, Jr.,
- Robert C. Murphy,
- Christian R.H. Raetz,
- David W. Russell,
- Yousuke Seyama,
- Walter Shaw,
- Takao Shimizu,
- Friedrich Spener,
- Gerrit van Meer,
- Michael S. VanNieuwenhze,
- Stephen H. White,
- Joseph L. Witztum,
- Edward A. Dennis
Affiliations
- Eoin Fahy
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
- Shankar Subramaniam
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
- H. Alex Brown
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
- Christopher K. Glass
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
- Alfred H. Merrill, Jr.
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
- Robert C. Murphy
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
- Christian R.H. Raetz
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
- David W. Russell
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
- Yousuke Seyama
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
- Walter Shaw
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
- Takao Shimizu
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
- Friedrich Spener
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
- Gerrit van Meer
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
- Michael S. VanNieuwenhze
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
- Stephen H. White
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
- Joseph L. Witztum
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
- Edward A. Dennis
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0505; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045-0508; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046; Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL 35007; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Membrane Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0682; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 46,
no. 5
pp. 839 – 861
Abstract
Lipids are produced, transported, and recognized by the concerted actions of numerous enzymes, binding proteins, and receptors. A comprehensive analysis of lipid molecules, “lipidomics,” in the context of genomics and proteomics is crucial to understanding cellular physiology and pathology; consequently, lipid biology has become a major research target of the postgenomic revolution and systems biology. To facilitate international communication about lipids, a comprehensive classification of lipids with a common platform that is compatible with informatics requirements has been developed to deal with the massive amounts of data that will be generated by our lipid community. As an initial step in this development, we divide lipids into eight categories (fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterol lipids, prenol lipids, saccharolipids, and polyketides) containing distinct classes and subclasses of molecules, devise a common manner of representing the chemical structures of individual lipids and their derivatives, and provide a 12 digit identifier for each unique lipid molecule. The lipid classification scheme is chemically based and driven by the distinct hydrophobic and hydrophilic elements that compose the lipid.This structured vocabulary will facilitate the systematization of lipid biology and enable the cataloging of lipids and their properties in a way that is compatible with other macromolecular databases.
