Pearls and pitfalls in the management of Duane syndrome

Abstract

Duane syndrome (DS) is a common form of congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders. The ocular motility pattern lies in a wide clinical spectrum, and the choice of treatment must be individualized depending on the severity of the clinical findings. There is no perfect method of treatment and no real “cure” in DS. In this paper, the aim is to give some guidelines to the reader for selection of the most appropriate treatment method for the patient.

Keywords

• Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders
• Duane syndrome
• Duane's retraction syndrome
• strabismus
• synergistic divergence
• Y-pattern deviation
• Y splitting
• paradoxical innervation
• periosteal fixation
• upshoots and downshoots
• vertical retraction syndrome