Мелиорация и гидротехника (Nov 2024)
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL POTATO PLANT PROTECTION SYSTEM AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF VARIOUS WATER REGIMES DURING SPRINKLING IRRIGATION IN THE LOWER VOLGA REGION
Abstract
Purpose: to develop optimal combinations of parameters of the soil water regime and elements of the plant protection system in conditions of region hydrothermal tension on the basis on a comprehensive assessment of the biological potential of potato varieties under irrigation. Materials and methods. Two variants of the soil water regime (80 % of the lowest moisture capacity in the 0.6 m layer and 80 % of the lowest moisture capacity in the 0.4 and 0.6 m layer), 2 potato protection systems (chemical and biological) and three varieties (Red Scarlet, Gulliver and Lubava) were used in the research. All this was carried out at the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture pilot site in 2022–2023. The research corresponded to the requirements of generally accepted methods. Results. In the moderately wet 2022, the Gulliver variety, with a combination of a water regime of 80 % of the lowest moisture capacity in the 0.4 m soil layer and biological protection, formed the maximum number of commercial tubers per plant, equal to 6.9 pcs. compared to the moderately dry 2023. The minimum number was on the Red Scarlet variety plantings in 2023 with an irrigation regime of 80% of the lowest moisture capacity in the 0.4 and 0.6 m soil layers in combination with chemical treatment, it was 1.6 pcs. On the Gulliver variety plantings in the moderately wet 2022, the maximum total weight of tubers was obtained from a plant, which was 1324 g, which is 265 and 344 g more compared to other varieties. Conclusions. In the subzone of light chestnut heavy loamy soils in the conditions of the Lower Volga region, using ridge technology for cultivating summer potato plantings, it was revealed that in the average wet year 2022, while maintaining the soil water regime of at least 80 % of the lowest moisture capacity in a layer of 0.4 m in combination with a biological protection system, the highest yield was formed compared to the average dry year 2023, which compared to the chemical one, depending on the variety, was 38.5–49.3 t/ha, which is 1.7–1.8 t/ha more tubers compared to the average dry year 2023.
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