Nutrición Hospitalaria (Aug 2012)
Efecto del consumo de nueces, semillas y aceites sobre marcadores bioquímicos y el peso corporal: revisión sistemática Efectiveness of long-term consumption of nuts, seeds and seeds' oil on glucose and lipid levels: systematic review
Abstract
Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad del consumo a largo plazo de nueces, semillas y aceites (NSA) sobre el peso corporal, glucosa y nivel de lípidos en población adulta. Métodos: Se buscaron los artículos en inglés publicados en Pubmed y Ebsco hasta mayo del 2011. Se incluyeron los ensayos clínicos aleatorios de 24 semanas o más de intervención. Los términos de búsqueda fueron "diabetes mellitus", "Nuts", "Mediterranean Diet", "Seeds", "Oils", "Canola oil", "Olive oil", "Walnut", "Almond", "Pistachio", "Paleolithic diet", "High monounsaturated diet", "high polyunsaturated diet", "High polyunsaturated diet", "Soya" and "Sunflower". Resultados: 13 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, ocho fueron de 24 semanas de intervención, uno de 42 semanas, uno de 48 semanas, tres de 52 o más semanas. En los estudios de 24 semanas de intervención hubo un incremento consistente de las HDL y una disminución no consistente de peso, índice de masa corporal, índice de cintura cadera, A1C, colesterol total, LDL: HDL, LDL, triglicéridos y presión arterial diastólica . En cuatro estudios de 42 semanas o más de intervención no se observaron diferencias significativas y en uno se observó disminución de peso, glucosa, insulina, colesterol total, HDL: Colesterol, triglicéridos y presión arterial. Conclusión: No se encontraron suficientes evidencias que permitan afirmar que con el consumo de NSA a largo plazo se observen cambios favorables sobre el peso, la glucosa o los lípidos en sangre.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of long-term consumption of nuts, seeds and vegetable oil (NSO) on weight, glucose, and lipid levels. Methods: We searched English articles published in Pubmed and Ebsco up to May 2011. Studies were included if they were randomized clinical trials, and had an intervention period of 24 or more weeks. Search terms include: "diabetes mellitus", "Nuts", "Diet Mediterranean", "Seeds", "Oils", "Canola oil", "Olive oil","Walnut", "Almond", "Pistachio", "Paleolithic diet", "High monounsaturated diet", "High polyunsaturated diet", "Soya" and "Sunflower". Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria; eight studies had a 24 weeks intervention period, one had 42 weeks, one had 48 weeks, and for the other three the intervention lasted 52 or more weeks. At 24 weeks a consistent increase of HDL levels and inconsistent improvement of weight, BMI, waist to hip index, A1C, total cholesterol, LDL: HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and diastolic blood pressure was observed. Four studies with an intervention > 48 weeks showed no statistical difference, and in one study a reduction of weight, BMI, waist hip index, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL: cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure was observed. Conclusion: No evidence of long-term improvement of NSO on weight, glucose or lipids in the adult population was found.
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