A Comparison Study of the Detection Limit of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid by Various Rapid Antigen Tests

Abstract

Rapid antigen tests (RATs) are widely used worldwide to detect SARS-CoV-2 since they are an easy-to-use kit and offer rapid results. The RAT detects the presence of the nucleocapsid protein, which is located inside the virus. However, the sensitivity of the different RATs varies between commercially available kits. The test result might change due to various factors, such as the variant type, infection date, swab’s surface, the manner in which one performs the testing and the mucus components. Here, we compare the detection limit of seven commercially available RATs by introducing them to known SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein amounts from the Omicron variant. It allows us to determine the detection limit, disregarding the influences of other factors. A lower detection limit of the RAT is necessary since earlier detection will help reduce the spread of the virus and allow faster treatment, which might be crucial for the population at risk.

Keywords

• rapid antigen test
• SARS-CoV-2
• COVID-19
• omicron variant