Effect of Different Radiation Sources and Noble Metal Doped onto TiO₂ for Contaminants of Emerging Concern Removal

Abstract

Water scarcity is a worldwide problem boosted by global warming and pollution of anthropogenic origin. The contaminants of emerging concern in water sources are increasing due to the inefficiency of conventional wastewater treatments, and these should be mitigated. Advanced oxidation processes appear as suitable solutions for decontamination. The photocatalytic oxidation of the mixture of sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine and lorazepam was investigated. TiO2 modified by Ag and TiO2 modified by Pd were used as photocatalysts to improve photoactivity. The impact of light wavelengths was examined using UVA and visible radiation as well as natural sunlight. Visible light revealed the lowest ability for decontamination in 60 min of irradiation through Ag and Pd−TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation. On the other hand, UVA and sunlight in the presence of photocatalysts were able to totally remove the contaminants. This can be related to the high production of reactive oxidative species at those conditions. The increase of the noble metal load promotes the improvement of the decontamination efficiency. The kinetic rate was analyzed for UVA and sunlight radiation for different photocatalytic conditions. The presence of a natural light source without energy costs leads to an increase in the pseudo-first-order kinetic constant. Sunlight radiation with a suitable photocatalyst can be a very good option for water decontamination.

Keywords

• sunlight
• UVA radiation
• visible light
• decontamination
• photocatalytic oxidation
• pharmaceuticals