The impact of mold exposure on anxiety symptoms in the older adults: A moderated mediation model based on CLHLS

Abstract

Background: Mold exposure is a common environmental issue that can adversely affect health, particularly among older adults. The impact of mold exposure on anxiety symptoms in this population has not been extensively studied. Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between mold exposure and anxiety symptoms in older adults, considering the mediating role of cognitive function and the moderating effects of open window ventilation and multivitamin supplementation. Methods: Data from the eighth wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) was utilized, including 11,021 participants aged 65 and older. Logistic regression models and moderated mediation analysis were employed to explore these relationships. Results: Mold exposure was significantly associated with increased anxiety symptoms (OR=1.831, 95 % CI=1.588–2.110). Cognitive impairment partially mediated this relationship. Open window ventilation (B=-0.040, P<0.001) and multivitamin supplementation (B=-0.197, P<0.001) served as protective factors. Subgroup analysis indicated higher vulnerability among females (OR=1.72, P<0.001), those aged 65–79 (OR=1.86, P<0.001), urban residents (OR=2.50, P<0.001), individuals not living with family members (OR=1.89, P<0.001), those with higher education (OR=2.01, P<0.001), married individuals (OR=1.80, P<0.001), and those in very good health (OR=2.11, P=0.026). Conclusion: Mold exposure contributes to anxiety symptoms in older adults, with cognitive decline playing a mediating role. Effective interventions, including improved ventilation and multivitamin supplementation, can mitigate these effects. These findings highlight the need for targeted public health strategies to enhance the well-being of older adults.

Keywords

• Mold exposure
• Anxiety symptoms
• Cognitive impairment
• Open window ventilation
• Multivitamin supplementation