Heliyon (Aug 2024)
In-host density-dependent model of high-risk HPV virions, basal cells, lymphocytes t-cells incorporating functional responses
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and it is caused mostly by high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and continues to spread at an alarming rate. While HPV impacts have been investigated before, there are currently only a scanty number of mathematical models that account for HPVˈs dynamic role in cervical cancer. The objectives were to develop an in-host density-dependent deterministic model for the dynamics implications of basal cells, virions, and lymphocytes incorporating immunity and functional responses. Analyze the model using techniques of epidemiological models such as basic reproduction number and simulate the model using Matlab ODE solver. Six compartments are considered in the model that is; Susceptible cells (S), Infected cells (I), Precancerous cells (P), Cancerous cells (C), Virions (V), and Lymphocytes (L). Next generation matrix (NGM), survival function, and characteristic polynomial method were used to determine the basic reproduction number denoted as R0. R0 was obtained using three methods because NGM has some weaknesses hence the need for the other two methods. The findings from this research indicated that Disease-Free Equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable whenever R0*1. The results obtained shows that the progression rate of precancerous cells to cancerous cells (θ) has the most direct impact on the model. The model was able to estimate the longevity of a patient as 10 days when (θ) increases by 0.08. The findings of this research will help healthcare providers, public health authorities, and non-governmental health groups in creating effective prevention strategies to slow the development of cervical cancer. More research should be done to determine the exact number of cancerous cells that can lead to the death of a cervical cancer patient since this paper estimated a proportion of 75%.
