Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología (Jan 2006)
REDUCCIÓN DE LA MORTALIDAD POR CÁNCER CÉRVICO UTERINO EN CHILE, 1990-2003
Abstract
Objetivo: Analizar el efecto del Programa Nacional de Cáncer Cérvico Uterino del Ministerio de Salud Pública de Chile, en la tendencia de la mortalidad por esa neoplasia en el período 1990-2003 y en el cumplimiento del objetivo de reducirla en 40% para el año 2010. Métodos: El número de muertes por cáncer cérvico uterino, el rango de edad de las fallecidas y la población estimada de mujeres, se extraen de los Anuarios de Estadísticas Vitales de Chile. Se calcularon las tasas brutas y ajustadas por edad de la mortalidad general y por rangos de edad de las fallecidas, utilizando como población estándar la del año 2003. La tendencia y pendiente del período, como la estimación de la mortalidad para 2010 se efectuó mediante análisis de regresión lineal. Resultados: Hubo una tendencia descendente y significativa de la tasa de mortalidad ajustada por cáncer cérvico uterino desde 14,3/100.000 en 1990 a 8,5/100.000 mujeres en 2003 (r= -0,977; pObjective: To analyze the effect of the National Program for Cervical Cancer on the mortality trend due to this cancer in Chile during 1990-2003, and the feasibility to achieve a 40% reduction in mortality rate at the year 2010. Methods: The number of deaths due to cervical cancer, the age interval of the deceased women, and the estimate of women population were obtained from the Year Book edited by the National Institute of Statistics of Chile. The gross and age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated using year 2003 as a standard of population number. The trend and the slope for the period, and the estimated number of deaths at year 2010 were calculated using linear regression. Results: A significant descending trend for the adjusted death rate was observed when comparing years 1990 and 2003 (from 14.3/100,000 in 1990 to 8.5/100,000 in 2003, r=-0.977; p<0.001). The slope for the period showed a yearly reduction in rate of 0.463/100,000 women, estimating for year 2010 a mortality rate about 4.8/100,000 women, lower than the objective proposed by the Public Health Ministry of Chile. Conclusions: The introduction of a National Program for Cervical Cancer has allowed reducing significantly the mortality rate due to this cancer between years 1990 and 2003. Analysis of trends suggested that it would be possible to achieve the goal of reducing in 40% the mortality rate at year 2010
