Is the Smart cities of hybrid model of local government - The type III cities: Four possible answers

Abstract

Using historical analysis and practice, this paper finds that the past many years structural modifications and adaptations by world cities have generally followed the mayor-council and council-manager cities theories, increasing their administrative efficiency more or later. At the same time, fewer cities are now either distinctly mayor-council or council-manager in form, but most cities using in the many case a fuzzy structures, constituting a hybrid model of local government or the type III city. What is it the model? What new elements or components and philosophy have this model? And, what is a new in this model? Are the cities of the type III - the “smart cities” ? The answer is, there is no universally accepted definition as a smart city, so and the city of the III model. The search of these answers is very important for Ukraine, where the initiative to build smart cities comes mainly from the local community of active young people, for whom the smart city is seen as a tool that allows them to take part in the government, to solve the issues of life of the city together. The focus of the study and representation of the results in this paper is search of answers on the main questions of the construction of the city governance model based on the researches and experience of the world’ cities leaders. Raising the questions and searching for the answers will serve as a guide to some researchers and the search for other possible answers, encourage scientific research by young researchers, students. More important than the science abstractions, there are possible application results and conclusion of this paper to city governments that hold potential for improving the quality of city governance.

Keywords

• local authorities
• municipal structure
• public services
• technologies
• sustainability