Genomic variant sharing: a position statement [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Abstract

Sharing de-identified genetic variant data via custom-built online repositories is essential for the practice of genomic medicine and is demonstrably beneficial to patients. Robust genetic diagnoses that inform medical management cannot be made accurately without reference to genetic test results from other patients, population controls and correlation with clinical context and family history. Errors in this process can result in delayed, missed or erroneous diagnoses, leading to inappropriate or missed medical interventions for the patient and their family. The benefits of sharing individual genetic variants, and the harms of not sharing them, are numerous and well-established. Databases and mechanisms already exist to facilitate deposition and sharing of de-identified genetic variants, but clarity and transparency around best practice is needed to encourage widespread use, prevent inconsistencies between different communities, maximise individual privacy and ensure public trust. We therefore recommend that widespread sharing of a small number of genetic variants per individual, associated with limited clinical information, should become standard practice in genomic medicine. Information confirming or refuting the role of genetic variants in specific conditions is fundamental scientific knowledge from which everyone has a right to benefit, and therefore should not require consent to share. For additional case-level detail about individual patients or more extensive genomic information, which is often essential for individual clinical interpretation, it may be more appropriate to use a controlled-access model for such data sharing, with the ultimate aim of making as much information available as possible with appropriate governance.