A functionally defined high-density NRF2 interactome reveals new conditional regulators of ARE transactivation

Abstract

NRF2 (NFE2L2) is a cytoprotective transcription factor associated with >60 human diseases, adverse drug reactions and therapeutic resistance. To provide insight into the complex regulation of NRF2 responses, 1962 predicted NRF2-partner interactions were systematically tested to generate an experimentally defined high-density human NRF2 interactome. Verification and conditional stratification of 46 new NRF2 partners was achieved by co-immunoprecipitation and the novel integration of quantitative data from dual luminescence-based co-immunoprecipitation (DULIP) assays and live-cell fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS). The functional impact of new partners was then assessed in genetically edited loss-of-function (NRF2−/−) and disease-related gain-of-function (NRF2T80K and KEAP1−/−) cell-lines. Of the new partners investigated >77% (17/22) modified NRF2 responses, including partners that only exhibited effects under disease-related conditions. This experimentally defined binary NRF2 interactome provides a new vision of the complex molecular networks that govern the modulation and consequence of NRF2 activity in health and disease.

Keywords

• NRF2/NFE2L2
• KEAP1
• Protein interaction network (PIN)
• Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS)
• Dual luminescence-based co-immunoprecipitation (DULIP)
• Human disease network