Diagnostics (Jun 2024)
Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Metabolically Healthy Overweight or Obese Adults: Role of LDL-Cholesterol in the Stratification of Risk
- Paolo Palatini,
- Agostino Virdis,
- Stefano Masi,
- Alessandro Mengozzi,
- Edoardo Casiglia,
- Valerie Tikhonoff,
- Arrigo F. G. Cicero,
- Andrea Ungar,
- Gianfranco Parati,
- Giulia Rivasi,
- Massimo Salvetti,
- Carlo Maria Barbagallo,
- Michele Bombelli,
- Raffaella Dell’Oro,
- Berardino Bruno,
- Luciano Lippa,
- Lanfranco D’Elia,
- Maria Masulli,
- Paolo Verdecchia,
- Gianpaolo Reboldi,
- Fabio Angeli,
- Rosario Cianci,
- Francesca Mallamaci,
- Massimo Cirillo,
- Marcello Rattazzi,
- Pietro Cirillo,
- Loreto Gesualdo,
- Elisa Russo,
- Alberto Mazza,
- Cristina Giannattasio,
- Alessandro Maloberti,
- Massimo Volpe,
- Giuliano Tocci,
- Guido Iaccarino,
- Pietro Nazzaro,
- Ferruccio Galletti,
- Claudio Ferri,
- Giovambattista Desideri,
- Francesca Viazzi,
- Roberto Pontremoli,
- Maria Lorenza Muiesan,
- Guido Grassi,
- Claudio Borghi
Affiliations
- Paolo Palatini
- Department of Medicine, Studium Patavinum, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Alessandro Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Edoardo Casiglia
- Department of Medicine, Studium Patavinum, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Valerie Tikhonoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Andrea Ungar
- Department of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Gianfranco Parati
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, S. Luca Hospital, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Giulia Rivasi
- Department of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Massimo Salvetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Carlo Maria Barbagallo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
- Michele Bombelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Raffaella Dell’Oro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Berardino Bruno
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Luciano Lippa
- Italian Society of General Medicine (SIMG), 67051 Avezzano, Italy
- Lanfranco D’Elia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Medical School, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy
- Maria Masulli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Medical School, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy
- Paolo Verdecchia
- Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Gianpaolo Reboldi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Fabio Angeli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Rosario Cianci
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Francesca Mallamaci
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Cal Unit, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
- Massimo Cirillo
- Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy
- Marcello Rattazzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Pietro Cirillo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
- Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
- Elisa Russo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Alberto Mazza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Unit, General Hospital, 45100 Rovigo, Italy
- Cristina Giannattasio
- Cardiology IV, ‘A. De Gasperis’ Department, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, 20162 Milano, Italy
- Alessandro Maloberti
- Cardiology IV, ‘A. De Gasperis’ Department, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, 20162 Milano, Italy
- Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Giuliano Tocci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Sant’Andrea Hospital, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy
- Pietro Nazzaro
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Medical School, University of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
- Ferruccio Galletti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Medical School, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy
- Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Giovambattista Desideri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Francesca Viazzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Roberto Pontremoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Maria Lorenza Muiesan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Claudio Borghi
- Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131314
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 14,
no. 13
p. 1314
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the longitudinal association of metabolically healthy overweight/obese adults with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and the effect of LDL-cholesterol levels on this association. This study was conducted with 15,904 participants from the URRAH study grouped according to BMI and metabolic status. Healthy metabolic status was identified with and without including LDL-cholesterol. The risk of MACE during 11.8 years of follow-up was evaluated with multivariable Cox regressions. Among the participants aged p = 0.012). However, when LDL-cholesterol p = 0.75). The present data show that the risk of MACE is increased in metabolically healthy overweight/obese individuals identified according to standard criteria. However, when LDL-cholesterol is included in the definition, metabolically healthy individuals who are overweight/obese have no increase in risk.
Keywords
