A case report of pelvic inflammatory disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae

Abstract

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) refers to acute infection of the upper genital tract structures in women. Patients can suffer from endometritis to salpingitis. (Ross, 2020) PID is a polymicrobial infection initiated by a sexually transmitted agent in 85% of cases (Mora-Palma et al., 2019). Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium are commonly identified pathogens among sexually active females (Lis et al., 2015). Single-agent causes of PID are uncommon.Streptococcus pneumoniae frequently causes bacteremia, meningitis and pneumonia, but it rarely infects the genital tract as it is not part of the resident vaginal flora (Bartlett et al., 1977; Westh et al., 1990; Lemoyne et al., 2008).Known risk factors for PID include: age under 25 years, multiple sexual partners, non-utilization of barrier methods, previous history of PID, other sexually transmitted diseases or bacterial vaginosis, up to 3 months postinsertion of intrauterine device, invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures in the uterus (Westh et al., 1990).Data from the Belgian National Reference Center for Pneumococci (CNRP) show that since 2006 only 10 Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated from the female genital sphere. 4 of them belong to serotype 1, 3 to serotype 3 and 1 to serotype 7, 8 and 9.Here we report a case S pneumoniae as a single bacterial etiology of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in a patient.

Keywords

• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Pelvic inflammatory disease