Adsorptive Removal of Reactive Yellow 145 Dye from Textile Industry Effluent Using <i>Teff</i> Straw Activated Carbon: Optimization Using Central Composite Design

Melkamu Kifetew; Esayas Alemayehu; Jemal Fito; Zemene Worku; Sundramurthy Venkatesa Prabhu; Bernd Lennartz

doi:10.3390/w15071281

Water (Mar 2023)

Adsorptive Removal of Reactive Yellow 145 Dye from Textile Industry Effluent Using <i>Teff</i> Straw Activated Carbon: Optimization Using Central Composite Design

Melkamu Kifetew,
Esayas Alemayehu,
Jemal Fito,
Zemene Worku,
Sundramurthy Venkatesa Prabhu,
Bernd Lennartz

Affiliations

Melkamu Kifetew: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia
Esayas Alemayehu: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia
Jemal Fito: Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
Zemene Worku: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia
Sundramurthy Venkatesa Prabhu: Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia
Bernd Lennartz: Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-Von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w15071281
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 15, no. 7
p. 1281

Abstract

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This study aimed to optimize the preparation condition of activated carbon using Teff straw as a precursor material via evaluating its potential in terms of maximizing the adsorptive removal of Reactive Yellow 145 dye (RY 145) from aqueous solutions. Selective factors, such as activation time, activation temperature, and impregnation ratio on the preparation of Teff Straw-based Activated Carbon (TSAC) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A quadratic regression model with estimated coefficients was developed by RSM and it was observed that model predictions were matched with experimental value with an acceptable R2 value (0.98). Further, the TSAC prepared at optimal condition was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The TSAC prepared at optimal condition showed anionic nature with a BET surface area of 627.7 m2/g. In addition, important adsorptive parameters (contact time, solution pH, adsorbent dose, and dye concentration) were evaluated through batch experiments. In such a way, it was determined that 2 h for activation time, 539 °C for activation temperature, and impregnation ratio of 5 g of phosphoric acid per 1 g of TSAC were optimal for efficient adsorption with maximum removal of 98.53% for RY 145 dye. In addition, the TSAC was subjected to test in order to determine its adsorptive performance by treating real textile industry effluent for examining its Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal potential. The results showed that 76% COD was removed from the real textile effluent, which met Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) standard. The finding of this paper asserts that this material is a good and low-cost bio-sorbent that can be used for the removal of pollutants from textile wastewater. Nevertheless, additional investigations of the adsorbents including regeneration options are advisable to draw explicit conclusions.

Published in Water

ISSN: 2073-4441 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Technology: Hydraulic engineering; Technology: Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering: Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes
Website: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/water/

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