Small extracellular vesicle-mediated miR-320e transmission promotes osteogenesis in OPLL by targeting TAK1

Abstract

The pathological mechanisms that lead to Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) are unclear. Here, the authors show that OPLL ligament cells produce small extracellular vesicles that induce ossification via miR-320e/TAK1 signaling in mice and human posterior longitudinal ligament cells.