FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer (FORCAsT) 2.0: model updates and evaluation with observations at a mixed forest site

D. Wei; H. D. Alwe; D. B. Millet; B. Bottorff; M. Lew; P. S. Stevens; J. D. Shutter; J. L. Cox; F. N. Keutsch; Q. Shi; S. C. Kavassalis; J. G. Murphy; K. T. Vasquez; H. M. Allen; E. Praske; J. D. Crounse; P. O. Wennberg; P. B. Shepson; P. B. Shepson; A. A. T. Bui; H. W. Wallace; R. J. Griffin; N. W. May; M. Connor; J. H. Slade; K. A. Pratt; E. C. Wood; M. Rollings; M. Rollings; B. L. Deming; B. L. Deming; D. C. Anderson; D. C. Anderson; A. L. Steiner

doi:10.5194/gmd-14-6309-2021

Geoscientific Model Development (Oct 2021)

FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer (FORCAsT) 2.0: model updates and evaluation with observations at a mixed forest site

D. Wei,
H. D. Alwe,
D. B. Millet,
B. Bottorff,
M. Lew,
P. S. Stevens,
J. D. Shutter,
J. L. Cox,
F. N. Keutsch,
Q. Shi,
S. C. Kavassalis,
J. G. Murphy,
K. T. Vasquez,
H. M. Allen,
E. Praske,
J. D. Crounse,
P. O. Wennberg,
P. B. Shepson,
P. B. Shepson,
A. A. T. Bui,
H. W. Wallace,
R. J. Griffin,
N. W. May,
M. Connor,
J. H. Slade,
K. A. Pratt,
E. C. Wood,
M. Rollings,
M. Rollings,
B. L. Deming,
B. L. Deming,
D. C. Anderson,
D. C. Anderson,
A. L. Steiner

Affiliations

D. Wei: Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
H. D. Alwe: Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, USA
D. B. Millet: Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, USA
B. Bottorff: Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
M. Lew: Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
P. S. Stevens: School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
J. D. Shutter: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
J. L. Cox: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
F. N. Keutsch: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
Q. Shi: Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
S. C. Kavassalis: Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J. G. Murphy: Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
K. T. Vasquez: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
H. M. Allen: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
E. Praske: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
J. D. Crounse: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
P. O. Wennberg: Divisions of Engineering and Applied Science and Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
P. B. Shepson: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
P. B. Shepson: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
A. A. T. Bui: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
H. W. Wallace: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
R. J. Griffin: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
N. W. May: Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
M. Connor: Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
J. H. Slade: Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
K. A. Pratt: Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
E. C. Wood: Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
M. Rollings: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
M. Rollings: now at: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
B. L. Deming: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
B. L. Deming: now at: Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
D. C. Anderson: Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
D. C. Anderson: now at: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
A. L. Steiner: Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6309-2021
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 14
pp. 6309 – 6329

Abstract

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The FORCAsT (FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer) model version 1.0 is updated to FORCAsT 2.0 by implementing five major changes, including (1) a change to the operator splitting, separating chemistry from emission and dry deposition, which reduces the run time of the gas-phase chemistry by 70 % and produces a more realistic in-canopy profile for isoprene; (2) a modification of the eddy diffusivity parameterization to produce greater and more realistic vertical mixing in the boundary layer, which ameliorates the unrealistic simulated end-of-day peaks in isoprene under well-mixed conditions and improves daytime air temperature; (3) updates to dry deposition velocities with available measurements; (4) implementation of the Reduced Caltech Isoprene Mechanism (RCIM) to reflect the current knowledge of isoprene oxidation; and (5) extension of the aerosol module to include isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (iSOA) formation. Along with the operator splitting, modified vertical mixing, and dry deposition, RCIM improves the estimation of first-generation isoprene oxidation products (methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein) and some second-generation products (such as isoprene epoxydiols). Inclusion of isoprene in the aerosol module in FORCAsT 2.0 leads to a 7 % mass yield of iSOA. The most important iSOA precursors are IEPOX and tetrafunctionals, which together account for >86 % of total iSOA. The iSOA formed from organic nitrates is more important in the canopy, accounting for 11 % of the total iSOA. The tetrafunctionals compose up to 23 % of the total iSOA formation, highlighting the importance of the fate (i.e., dry deposition and gas-phase chemistry) of later-generation isoprene oxidation products in estimating iSOA formation.

Published in Geoscientific Model Development

ISSN: 1991-959X (Print); 1991-9603 (Online)
Publisher: Copernicus Publications
Country of publisher: Germany
LCC subjects: Science: Geology
Website: https://www.geoscientific-model-development.net/

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