Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap syndrome due to oral phenytoin

Abstract

Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare but lethal manifestation of hypersensitivity reaction precipitated by certain drugs and viral infections. Among the drugs, it is more common with antibiotics, antiepileptics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We report the case of a 14-year-old male who presented to the medicine out-patient department with a history of fever since the previous day. Four days before this, he had developed an episode of generalised tonic–clonic seizures and was initiated on oral phenytoin since then. Following admission to the medical intensive care unit, fever persisted on the 2nd day as well. The patient developed a maculopapular rash over face and trunk, ulceration over lips and skin peeling involving >10% <30% body surface area suggestive of SJS/TEN overlap syndrome. Oral phenytoin was stopped, and he was started on oral levetiracetam. He was treated with intravenous corticosteroids, topical antibiotics and symptomatic management. The patient recovered, skin lesions subsided and he discharged in a stable condition after 2 weeks of in-hospital stay. The present case documents the rare occurrence of SJS/TEN overlap syndrome as an adverse drug reaction caused by phenytoin. Early identification and stopping of offending drug will aid in better management of the patient.

Keywords

• phenytoin
• stevens–johnson syndrome
• toxic epidermal necrolysis