Science, Objectivity and Ethics in Research Methodology

Abstract

Islam recognizes that Truth is infinite and that different methods are necessary to reach its different aspects. In other words, in the Islamic paradigm, each methodology has its appropriate domain which admits the possibility of certitude while allowing for openness. Clearly, this is the polar opposite of the relativist who claims that no method can reach Truth, he denies certitude and dogmatically insists that there is no such thing as Truth. However, the self-contradictory nahm of the assertion proves it is false.’ From the Islamic point of view, no single methodology can make a claim on all knowledge contained in all fields and at all levels. This is reflected in the traditional formula inserted at the end of scholarly matises wu’lluhu u’lum “God knows best,” for no scholar can claim to have come to the end of knowledge, thereby encompassing the infinite Truth in a self-contained system of thought. The Islamic approach to knowledge refuses to accept partial truth as if it were the whole, and a single methodology as if it were the only methodology. Objectivity requires recognizing a partial truth for what it is, and not making monopolistic claims on knowledge with a single methodology. This recognition limits the abuse of power by those who would deny other valid methodologies and “ways of knowing.’” Recognizing the multiplicity of methods requires discernment as to their correct application in specific domains. This requires wisdom and a fully operational intelligence unobscured by passion. In other words, the intelligence or ‘uql must be wholesome4e ethics and justice of the researcher being a necessary condition for discerning appropriate methodologies. Muslim scholars, therefore, emphasize the ethical training of the scientist to ensure the just selection of methodologies in each domain ...