Distinct Solubilization Mechanisms of Medroxyprogesterone in Gemini Surfactant Micelles: A Comparative Study with Progesterone

Abstract

The solubilization behavior of medroxyprogesterone (MP) within gemini surfactant micelles (14-6-14,2Br−) was investigated and compared with that of progesterone to uncover distinct solubilization mechanisms. We employed 1H-NMR and 2D ROESY spectroscopy to elucidate the spatial positioning of MP within the micelle, revealing that MP integrates more deeply into the micellar core. This behavior is linked to the unique structural features of MP, particularly its 17β-acetyl group, which promotes enhanced interactions with the hydrophobic regions of the micelle, while the 6α-methyl group interacts with the hydrophilic regions of the micelle. The 2D ROESY correlations specifically highlighted interactions between the hydrophobic chains of the surfactant and two protons of MP, H22 and H19. Complementary machine learning and electron density analyses supported these spectroscopic findings, underscoring the pivotal role of the molecular characteristics of MP in its solubilization behavior. These insights into the solubilization dynamics of MP not only advance our understanding of hydrophobic compound incorporation in gemini surfactant micelles but also indicate the potential of 14-6-14,2Br− micelles for diverse drug delivery applications.

Keywords

• gemini surfactant
• solubilization
• medroxyprogesterone
• micelle
• 2D ROESY
• machine learning