Escitalopram, bupropion, lurasidone, lamotrigine and possible vortioxetine overdose presented with serotonin syndrome and diffuse encephalopathy: A case report

Abstract

Background: Psychotropic drugs can cause neurological effects when overdosed. This study reports a case of psychotropic drugs overdose presenting with serotonin toxicity and encephalopathy. Case presentation: A 20-year-old female with major depression presented with agitation 3 h after an overdose on multiple medications. Her current medications were vortioxetine, lamotrigine, lurasidone, and bupropion (extended-release). Vital signs showed hyperthermia and tachycardia. Neurological examination was remarkable for mydriasis and hyperreflexia with inducible ankle clonus. The electrocardiography showed sinus tachycardia with QTc 480 ms. Twelve hours later, she became obtunded and developed subcortical myoclonus. The electroencephalogram demonstrated a diffuse encephalopathy pattern without epileptic activities. She was diagnosed with serotonin syndrome based on Hunter Serotonin Toxicity Criteria. Myoclonus and abnormal vital signs resolved within hours after cyproheptadine administration, but she remained unconscious for 3.5 days. Urine drug screening was positive for benzodiazepines and metabolites, lamotrigine, escitalopram, and hydroxybupropion. This suggested she had overdosed on escitalopram which had been previously prescribed. Unfortunately, vortioxetine and lurasidone could not be detected by our current facilities. Conclusion: This case exhibited serotonin syndrome and encephalopathy from overdose of multiple psychotropic agents. Her prolonged depressed consciousness could be explained by the half-life of the drugs and possible drug interactions.

Keywords

• Escitalopram
• Bupropion
• Lurasidone
• Lamotrigine
• Serotonin syndrome
• Encephalopathy