Kalkoen tipologia eta eragina gaurko euskarazko neologian

Abstract

In this work the concept of calque is defined and a clear conceptual difference between the terms calque, loan and interference is established. A typology is then offered in which the following categories are proposed: semantic, lexical, lexical-syntactic, phraseological, morphosyntactic and discursive calques. In the existing bibliography on Basque, many mistaken or unacceptable calques (which are derived from Castilian or French interference) tend to be insistently signalled. In this article, however, the importance and the enriching nature of the calque in Basque when creating neologisms are highlighted, and not only in the field of specialty languages. To be specific, the importance that the acceptable calques belonging to the lexical level have in Basque is highlighted. Also, some of the criteria that must be taken into account when deciding on the acceptability of a calque are indicated, and insistence is made on the idea of the calque not only as a means, but also as a mechanism for creating neologisms.