Oral Bacteria Dysbiosis in Patients with Linezolid-Induced Black Hairy Tongue: A Case Series

Abstract

Yanwan Shangguan,* Zhongkang Ji,* Wanru Guo, Wenjuan Hu, Xiaomeng Li, Kaijin Xu State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Kaijin Xu, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax [phone], Email [email protected]: Linezolid-induced black hairy tongue is a self-limiting benign disease that is rare. Here, we report three patients who developed black hairy tongue after linezolid treatment. The severe dysbiosis of oral bacterial communities was observed in all these patients. Proteobacteria was the most prevalent phylum (over 90%) at the black tongue stage. Furthermore, the dramatic oral bacterial alteration took a long time to reverse after the BHT resolved.Keywords: tuberculosis infection, linezolid, treatment, side-effect, black-hairy tongue, microorganism metabolism

Keywords

• tuberculosis infection
• linezolid
• treatment
• side-effect
• black-hairy tongue
• microorganism metabolism