Supplementation of direct-fed microbial Enterococcus faecium 669 affects performance of preweaning dairy calves

Abstract

Optimization and support of health and performance of preweaning dairy calves is paramount to any dairy operation, and natural solutions, such as probiotics, may help to achieve such a goal. Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of direct-fed microbial (DFM) Enterococcus faecium 669 on performance of preweaning dairy calves. In experiment 1, twenty 4-d-old Holstein calves [initial body weight (BW) 41 ± 2.1 kg] were randomly assigned to either (1) no probiotic supplementation (CON; n = 10) or (2) supplementation with probiotic strain E. faecium 669 during the preweaning period (DFM; n = 10) at 2.0 × 1010 cfu/kg of whole milk. Full individual BW was analyzed every 20 d for average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) determination. In experiment 2, thirty 4-d-old Holstein calves (initial BW 40 ± 1.9 kg) were assigned to the same treatments as in experiment 1 (CON and DFM). The DFM supplementation period was divided into period I (from d 0 to 21) and II (from d 22 to 63), with weaning occurring when animals were 67 d of age. During the entire experimental period, DFM was mixed into the whole milk at a rate of 1.5 × 1010 and 2.5 × 109 cfu/kg of whole milk/calf per day for periods I and II, respectively (6-time reduction). Full individual BW was taken every 21 d. As a routine of the experiment, calves were monitored daily, and diarrhea cases were evaluated using a daily 3-point fecal score. For both experiments, all data were analyzed using calf as the experimental unit. In experiment 1, DFM-supplemented calves were heavier on d 40 (+ 4.5 kg) and 60 (+ 6.5 kg) and had a greater ADG (+ 118 g) versus CON. In experiment 2, supplementation with DFM significantly tended to reduce diarrhea occurrence. Treatment × day and treatment × week interactions were observed for BW, ADG, and gain-to-feed ratio. Dairy calves supplemented with DFM were 1.8 and 3.5 kg heavier on d 42 and at weaning, respectively, and had a greater ADG from d 21 to 42 (+ 52 g) and 42 to 63 (+ 77 g) and gain-to-feed ratio from d 42 to 63 (+ 8.6%). In summary, supplementation of E. faecium 669 to dairy calves improved preweaning performance, even when the dose of the DFM was reduced by 6- to 8-times. Additionally, initial promising results were observed on diarrhea occurrence, but further studies are warranted.