Chronic Spinal Pain: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

• Baogan Peng,
• Nikolai Bogduk,
• Michael J. DePalma,
• Ke Ma

Affiliations

Baogan Peng

Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China

Nikolai Bogduk

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia

Michael J. DePalma

Interventional Spine and Musculoskeletal Care, Virginia iSpine Physicians, PC Virginia Spine Research Institute, Inc., Richmond, VA, USA

Ke Ma

Pain Department, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China