Impact of Concurrent Ischaemic Stroke on Unfavourable Outcomes in Men and Women with Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Background: Growing evidence suggests that concurrent ischaemic stroke (IS) exacerbates the prognosis of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and that this effect may be further influenced by sex. However, the exact effect of sex remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of the relevant risk factors on the prognosis of patients with DCM and concurrent IS. Considering the sex differences in DCM, this study further investigated the impact of concurrent IS on the prognosis of men and women with DCM. Methods: A total of 632 patients with DCM enrolled between 2016 and 2021 were included in this study. Clinical data were obtained from medical records, and all participants were followed up in the outpatient clinic or by telephone for at least 1 year. A Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to evaluate the effects of concurrent IS on the prognosis of patients with DCM. Results: Patients with DCM complicated with IS (DCM-IS) had significantly lower cumulative survival rates than patients with DCM without IS (non-IS) (74.6% vs. 84.2%, χ2 = 6.85, p = 0.009). Additionally, IS was associated with greater risks of death and heart transplantation (HTx) in men (75.8% vs. 85.1%, χ2 = 5.02, p = 0.025), but not in women (71.0% vs. 81.5%, χ2 = 1.91, p = 0.167). Conclusions: This large-scale multicentre prospective cohort study demonstrated a poorer prognosis in patients with concurrent DCM and IS, particularly among men. Patients with DCM should not be overlooked in IS screening, emphasis should be placed on the occurrence of IS in patients with DCM. Early and proactive secondary prevention of cerebrovascular diseases might improve the prognosis of DCM patients. More intervention studies focusing on men with DCM complicated with IS should be prioritised.

Keywords

• ischaemic stroke
• dilated cardiomyopathy
• sex
• risk factor
• neurocardiology