Synthesis of High-Precision Sub-Micron CaCO₃ Anticancer Drug Carriers from Coral Remains

Abstract

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles have attracted increasing attention as a promising material for drug delivery systems. In this study, coral remains were utilized as a raw material for a novel drug carrier. A series of pre-treatment and parameter experiments were conducted to synthesize sub-micron spherical CaCO3 particles. The CaCO3 particles exhibited uniform size distribution, with the minimum mean size being only 344 nm. The effects on the CaCO3 crystal phases and particle sizes were also discussed in this study. Drug loading experiments were also conducted to assess the feasibility of the CaCO3 drug carrier. We loaded TRITC-Dextran into CaCO3 particles for the simulation experiments. The loading capacity reached up to 9.6 wt.%, which was as high as common drug carriers such as liposomes. In this study, we aimed not only to tackle the local environmental issues caused by coral remains, but also to synthesize a suitable drug carrier for cancer therapy using the outstanding properties and low cost of CaCO3.

Keywords

• waste recovery
• precipitated calcium carbonate
• spherical vaterite
• drug carrier
• drug delivery system