Eicosanoids: Atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic health

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been the leading causes of death in the U.S. for nearly a century. Numerous studies have linked eicosanoids to cardiometabolic disease. Objectives and Methods: This review summaries recent advances and innovative research in eicosanoids and CVD. Numerous review articles and their original human or animal studies were assessed in the relevant and recent studies. Outcome: We identified and discussed recent trends in eicosanoids known for their roles in CVD. Their subsequent relationships were assessed for any possible implications associated with consumption of different dietary lipids, essentially omega fatty acids. Eicosanoids have been heavily sought after over recent decades for their direct role in mediating the enhancement and resolution of acute immune responses. Given the short half-life of these oxidized lipid metabolites, studies on atherosclerosis have had to rely on the metabolites that are actively involved in eicosanoid production, signaling or redox reactions as markers for atherosclerosis-related molecular behaviors. Conclusion: Further investigations expending current knowledge, should be applied to narrow the specific class and species of eicosanoids responsible for inciting inflammation especially in the context of recent clinical studies assessing the role of dietary lipid in cardiovascular diseases. Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, Arachidonic acid (AA), Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Inflammation, Oxidative stress