Comparative electrochemical study of veterinary drug danofloxacin at glassy carbon electrode and electrified liquid–liquid interface

Abstract

Abstract This work compares the electroanalytical performance of two electroanalytical systems based on (1) the glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and (2) the electrified liquid–liquid interface (eLLI), for the detection of fluoroquinolone antibiotic–danofloxacin (DANO). Our aim was to define the optimal conditions to detect the chosen analyte with two employed systems, extract a number of electroanalytical parameters, study the mechanism of the charge transfer reactions (oxidation at GCE and ion transfer across the eLLI), and to provide physicochemical constants for DANO. Detection of the chosen analyte was also performed in the spiked milk samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that directly compares the electroanalytical parameters obtained with solid electrode (in this case GCE) and eLLI. We have found that for DANO the latter provides better electroanalytical parameters (lower LOD and LOQ) as well as good selectivity when the milk was analyzed.

Keywords

• Danofloxacin
• Fluoroquinolone antibiotic
• Milk sample
• Liquid–liquid interface
• Glassy carbon electrode