The use of immobilized enzyme in starch bioconversion: An update review

Abstract

Starch bioconversion enzymes play an important role in the food industry, raising up a vast research space. Immobilization of alpha-amylase, amyloglucosidase and glucose isomerase is a promising topic for ongoing research. In this review, we provide an updated overview of various carriers for carbohydrases immobilization, with the primary focus on the food industry. The method used in this review is the literature study method. The immobilization methods of carbohydrases enzymes are encapsulation by Ca-alginate, covalent and ionic bonding by chitosan, adsorption by ion exchange resin and cross-linking by glutaraldehyde and Bovine serum albumin as protein feeder, and mix of them. The research shows the ability of enzymes that can be used repeatedly while maintaining their activity. Immobilization increases the enzymes stability towards pH, temperature, and type of substrate. Through this method, various types of sugar such as maltose, glucose and fructose can be produced with reduced production costs. In future, immobilized enzymes are going to play a vital role in various industries not only in food, but including pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and fuel.