Risk factors for nonresponse to 2 years of denosumab administration in patients with osteoporosis: A retrospective single‐center cohorts study

Abstract

Abstract Background and Aims To investigate the factors associated with changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and the incidence of fractures in osteoporotic patients treated with denosumab. Methods This retrospective study included 162 osteoporotic patients treated with denosumab for 24 months between 2013 and 2019. Patients were divided according to the changes in BMD as nonresponders (NL group: <3% increase in lumbar spine BMD [LBMD], NH group: <0% increase in femoral neck BMD [FNBMD]) or responders (RL group: ≥3% increase in LBMD, RH group: ≥0% increase in FNBMD). Results The respective changes in the LBMD and FNBMD after 24 months of denosumab treatment were 9.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.1–10.6) and 3.3% (95% CI: 2.1–4.5). Twenty‐eight (17.3%) patients were in the NL group, and 134 (82.7%) were in the RL group. A history of bisphosphonate treatment was a risk factor for being in the NL group (odds ratio [OR]: 3.84, 95% CI: 1.38–10.71, p = 0.007; adjusted OR: 3.21, 95% CI: 1.01–10.19, p = 0.048). Although the NH (n = 48; 30.8%) and RH (n = 108; 69.2%) groups had similar baseline characteristics, the NH group had a significantly higher baseline FNBMD than the RH group (p = 0.003). The change in FNBMD was negatively associated with the FNBMD at baseline (r = −0.34, p < 0.001). No new osteoporotic fractures occurred in either group during follow‐up. Conclusion In osteoporotic patients receiving denosumab treatment, a history of bisphosphonate treatment was a risk factor for a lack of increase in LBMD, and a higher FNBMD at baseline was negatively associated with the change in FNBMD.

Keywords

• bone mineral density
• denosumab
• nonresponder
• osteoporosis
• responder