Yield prediction and optimization of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under multiple cropping systems with corn (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

This study explores the impact of multiple cropping on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield when intercropped with corn (Zea mays L.) at different ratios (1:1 and 1:2) compared to sole cropping. The study aimed to evaluate yield differences and the correlation between yield and morpho-agronomic traits. The experiment was conducted over two growing seasons (2022-2023) at the Agricultural Research Station. Results indicated that intercropping significantly reduced groundnut yield due to resource competition, with yields of 67.5 grams per plant in the 1:1 ratio and 70.6 grams in the 1:2 ratio, compared to 119.2 grams in sole cropping. Correlation analysis showed that yield was positively associated with pod number and fresh biomass but negatively correlated with leaf count. A predictive model for groundnut yield (2024-2026) was developed and validated, showing no significant difference between predicted and actual yields. The findings suggest that the 1:1 ratio is more effective in maintaining yield under multiple cropping systems and optimizing intercropping strategies to enhance agricultural productivity.