The preventive and therapeutic role of Lactobacillus spp. in in vitro model of inflammation via affecting autophagy signaling pathway

Abstract

Abstract Background Intestinal inflammation has various causes and leads to some inflammatory diseases, of which autophagy pathway dysfunction could be considered as one of them. Probiotics could have a positive effect on reducing inflammation by activating the autophagy pathway. To evaluate the precise effects of probiotics as preventive and therapeutic agents to control the symptoms of inflammatory diseases, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus spp. in regulating the autophagy signaling pathway. Methods A quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay was used to analyze the expression of autophagy genes involved in the formation of phagophores, autophagosomes, and autolysosomes after exposing the HT‐29 cell line to sonicated pathogens and adding Lactobacillus spp. before, after, and simultaneously with inflammation. A cytokine assay was also accomplished to evaluate the interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β level following the probiotic treatment. Results Lactobacillus spp. generally increased autophagy gene expression and consumption of Lactobacillus spp. before, simultaneously, and after inflammation, ultimately leading to activate autophagy pathways. The proinflammatory cytokines including IL‐6 and IL‐1β decreased after probiotic treatment. Conclusions Our native probiotic Lactobacillus spp. showed beneficial effects on HT‐29 cells by increasing autophagy gene expression and decreasing the proinflammatory cytokines production in all treatments. Therefore, this novel probiotic cocktail Lactobacillus spp. can prevent and treat inflammation‐related diseases.

Keywords

• autophagy
• gut microbiome
• inflammation
• Lactobacillus spp.