Nuclear Materials and Energy (Dec 2024)
Investigation of H-mode density limit in mixed protium–deuterium plasmas at JET with ITER-like wall
- A. Huber,
- G. Sergienko,
- M. Groth,
- D. Keeling,
- M. Wischmeier,
- D. Douai,
- E. Lerche,
- C. Perez von Thun,
- S. Brezinsek,
- V. Huber,
- A. Boboc,
- M. Brix,
- I.S. Carvalho,
- A.V. Chankin,
- E. Delabie,
- I. Jepu,
- V. Kachkanov,
- V. Kiptily,
- K. Kirov,
- Ch. Linsmeier,
- E. Litherland-Smith,
- C.G. Lowry,
- C.F. Maggi,
- J. Mailloux,
- A.G. Meigs,
- Ph. Mertens,
- M. Poradzinski,
- K.-D. Zastrow,
- M. Zlobinski
Affiliations
- A. Huber
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany; Corresponding author at: Institut für Energieforschung-Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- G. Sergienko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany
- M. Groth
- Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- D. Keeling
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK
- M. Wischmeier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- D. Douai
- CEA, IRFM, Association Euratom-CEA, 13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France
- E. Lerche
- LPP-ERM/KMS, Association EUROFUSION-Belgian State, TEC partner, Brussels, Belgium
- C. Perez von Thun
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM), Warsaw, Poland
- S. Brezinsek
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany
- V. Huber
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Supercomputing Centre, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- A. Boboc
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK
- M. Brix
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK
- I.S. Carvalho
- Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior T́ecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
- A.V. Chankin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- E. Delabie
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- I. Jepu
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK
- V. Kachkanov
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK
- V. Kiptily
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK
- K. Kirov
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK
- Ch. Linsmeier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany
- E. Litherland-Smith
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK
- C.G. Lowry
- JET Exploitation Unit, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK; European Commission, B1049 Brussels, Belgium
- C.F. Maggi
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK
- J. Mailloux
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK
- A.G. Meigs
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK
- Ph. Mertens
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany
- M. Poradzinski
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK; Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23 Street, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
- K.-D. Zastrow
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK
- M. Zlobinski
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Journal volume & issue
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Vol. 41
p. 101806
Abstract
Analysis of comparable discharges fuelled by either deuterium or protium reveals a clear relationship between the isotope mass and the H-mode density limit. Notably, the density limit is significantly lower in protium, showing a reduction of up to 35 % compared to identical deuterium plasma conditions. Within mixed H-mode density limit (HDL) plasmas, the maximum achievable density, or H-mode density limit, decreases with increasing protium concentration, denoted as cH. For instance, the highest corresponding maximum Greenwald fraction (fGW) of about 1.02 was observed in the pulse with the lowest cH value of 4.4 %. This fGW decreases to 0.96 at cH = 48 %. The average atomic mass, A¯, of the plasma species decreases in these pulses from the value of 1.96 (cH = 4.4 %) down to 1.52 (cH = 48 %). Interestingly, the maximum achievable density appears to be largely unaffected by the applied power value, regardless of whether deuterium or protium is used, as well as under mixed H/D fuelling conditions.Additionally, the measured Greenwald fractions are agreed with a heuristic model based on the SOL pressure threshold of an MHD instability, as proposed by Goldston. This comparison, especially concerning the model’s dependence on isotopic mass, shows full consistency between the measured and predicted Greenwald fractions.