Chlorine in an Organic Molecule, a Universal Promoter—Workhorse—Of Reactions

Abstract

Due to the electronic configuration of the atom and charge of the nucleus, the chlorine in organic molecules can exert a variety of effects. It can depart as a chloride anion in the process of substitution and elimination, facilitates the abstraction of protons and stabilizes generated carbanions, exerts moderate stabilizing effect of carbenes, carbocations and radicals. There are frequent cases where chlorine substituent promotes more than one transformation. These rich effects of chlorine substituent will be illustrated by examples of our work.

Keywords

• phase transfer catalysis
• γ-halocarbanions
• dichlorocarbene
• vicarious nucleophilic substitution
• nucleophilic substitution of chlorine
• base induced β-elimination