Паёми Сино (Dec 2018)
DIFFICULTIES IN DIAGNOSING SECONDARY ARTHROPATHY AND MAJOR CLINICAL SYNDROMES OF MYELOMA
Abstract
Objective: To study the difficulties in the diagnosis of secondary arthropathy and the major clinical syndromes of myeloma. Methods: Fifteen patients with myeloma in age from 63 to 77 years old were examined: with a solitary form of myeloma – 3 people (group I) and 12 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) (group II). Residents of a village were nine, and the city – 6 people. Stage II of myeloma was noted in six cases, stage III – also in six observations. Results: The following difficulties and errors in diagnosis were identified: the identity of the clinical symptoms peculiar to both myeloma and radiculopathy (66.6%), neuralgia (58.3%), rheumatic diseases (41.6%); insufficient clinical analysis of the information received (73.3%); under accounting of available research data (66.0%); incomplete clinical study of the patient (60.0%). In 25% of cases, patients were treated for severe anemia and in 16.6% of chronic renal failure without specifying the causal factors of the disease. Careful history collection and study of clinical symptoms showed that even before the appearance of bright symptoms were observed: fatigue (100%); rapid fatigability (100%); migrating bone pain (98%), the bones prone to buildup after changing the body position (100%). The main symptoms of the disease are bone pain and myeloma nephropathy, accompanied by protein pathology syndrome and hypercalcemia. As the progression of the disease was characterized by manifestations of visceral, hypercalcemic, hemorrhagic, intoxication and immunodeficiency syndromes. Bone changes in MM were radiographically, manifested by diffuse lesions of the bone tissue and the foci of the destruction of various more rounded shapes. Conclusion: It is advisable to consider the following symptoms, suggestive of a possible myeloma: persistent polyarthralgia and any persistent neuro-radicular symptoms; normochromic anemia with a sharp acceleration of ESR, rapid progression and refractoriness to conventional antianemic therapy; pronounced proteinuria without extra renal symptoms. Consideration of clinical and laboratory parameters of the disease and X-ray signs of osteoarticular changes will contribute to earlier detection of myeloma and will reduce the incidence of complications.
Keywords
