Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and its relationship with coping strategies among flood victims: Evidence from Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent and highly debilitating mental disorder that often occurs following accidents and natural disasters. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PTSD among flood victims in Lorestan, Iran and examine its relationship with coping strategies. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study included 470 flood victims in Lorestan, Iran within the first year after the flood in 2019. Participants were selected through simple random sampling. The research utilized the PTSD checklist and coping strategies questionnaire as data collection instruments. Data analysis involved independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and the Pearson correlation coefficient, with a significance level of 0.05, using SPSS software version 22. Results: The prevalence of PTSD among flood victims in Lorestan, Iran was found to be 12.8 %. Women, individuals over 35 years old, those with an education level below high school, married individuals, and people with low income exhibited higher PTSD prevalence and average total coping strategies scores. Passive coping strategies (r = 0.267, p < 0.001), social coping strategies (r = 0.148, p = 0.004), and the overall coping score (r = 0.153, p = 0.003) demonstrated a direct and significant correlation with the average PTSD score. Conclusion: This study highlights the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among flood survivors, especially among vulnerable groups such as the elderly, women, and those with low socio-economic status. To enhance post-disaster adaptation, support organizations should implement various strategies including resilience-building, mental health awareness campaigns, and improved access to healthcare services. Effective screening and promoting positive coping strategies are crucial for supporting survivors' psychological well-being.

Keywords

• Post-traumatic stress disorder
• Floods
• Coping strategies
• Iran