INFLUENCE OF SEEDING METHODS AND RATES ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOYBEAN

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the influence of seeding methods and rates on biometric performance and productivity of the new early variety of soybean Zolushka. Field studies were conducted during 2015-2016 on the ordinary medium-humus heavy-clay black soil. Laboratory and statistical methods were applied during the field studies. It was found that in wide-row planting with the row width of 45 cm, the height of the plants during ripening period was higher and equalled on average to 104.5 cm, whereas horizontal planting was about 92.9 cm. Increasing the seeding rate from 0,4 to 1,0 million/hectare resulted the decrease the plant height in rows from 15 cm to 9.7 cm, between rows from 45 cm to 15.1 cm. In spaced planting with the rate of 0,4 million/hectare the wet weight of the plants was bigger and significantly reduced with the thickening of crops to 1,0 million/hectare in both ways of seeding by 17.3 and 34.9 g respectively. The estimation of the leaf surface area showed that it was higher with the seeding rate of 0,4 million/hectare in both ways of seeding - 1625 and 1754 cm2. Thickening of crops to 1,0 million/hectare resulted a significant reduction of the leaf area of some plants in rows of 15 cm - 745 cm2, and in rows of 45 cm - to 853 cm2. The leaf surface area of 1 hectare was higher at 15 cm between rows with the seeding rate of 0,8 million/hectare - 61.0 thousand/m2 and at 45 cm between rows with the seeding rate of 0,6 million/hectare - 60.5 thousand/m2 correspondently. Higher level of productivity we gained with a width of 15 cm between rows. That is on average 18.6 centners/hectare, whereas with the width between rows 45 cm it was 15.5 centners/hectare, wich is lower by 17%. Increasing the seeding rate from 0,4 to 0,8 million/hectare increased the productivity with the width of 15 and 45 cm – 2.6 and 2.1 centners/ hectare with further thickening of planting to 1,0 million/hectare decreased the productivity by 0.7 and 0.6 centners/hectare correspondently