Frontiers in Oncology (Jul 2020)
Treatment Strategies and Outcomes of Pediatric Esthesioneuroblastoma: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Introduction: Esthesioneuroblastoma, also known as olfactory neuroblastoma, is a small round blue cell tumor of nasal neuroepithelium first described in 1924. Though this tumor is especially rare in the pediatric population with an incidence of <0.1 per 100,000, it is the most common pediatric nasal cavity neoplasm. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the treatment modalities utilized for pediatric esthesioneuroblastoma and overall survival.Methods: A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Pubmed, EMBASE, and Ovid MEDLINE databases were queried for studies pertinent to treatment modalities for pediatric esthesioneuroblatoma and survival outcomes.Results: Two hundred and seventy-sixth articles were identified, with seven meeting inclusion criteria. Ninety-four patients with an age range of 0.9–21 years old with esthesioneuroblastoma were included. Nearly 90% of patients were of stage Kadish B or C at time of presentation, while 20% presented with cervical lymphadenopathy. Only about 10% of patients underwent single modality therapy. Overall, 5-year survival ranged from 44 to 91% with a median follow-up of 3–13 years.Conclusion: Children with esthesioneuroblastoma usually present at an advanced stage and undergo multi-modality therapy at a higher rate than adult patients. There is a wide range of documented overall survival though this lack of precision could be due to a paucity of patients.
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