Transpedicular fixation of the spine with two-level navigation templates for narrow pedicles

Abstract

Objective. To assess the correctness of transpedicular screw insertion in thoracic and lumbar vertebrae using two-level navigation templates for narrow pedicles. Material and Methods. Two-level navigation templates were used in surgical treatment of four patients aged 14–17 years with scoliotic deformity and multiple pedicles of small width (less than 4.35 mm). In each patient, the least favorable zones were selected for implantation using navigation templates. The rest of planned pedicle screws were inserted using free-hand technique. All patients underwent CT scanning postoperatively. Screws inserted to pedicles less than 4.35 mm in width were classified as correctly placed if they did not extend beyond the medial cortical layer by more than 2 mm. Results. Out of 68 pedicles planned for screw placement, 42 were narrower than 4.35 mm. In the pedicles difficult for implantation, 29 screws were inserted using navigation templates and 13 by free-hand technique. Screws classified as correctly placed were 28 from those inserted with navigation templates and 9 from those implanted by free-hand technique. Difference in results of screw placement in narrow pedicles with navigation templates and by free-hand technique was statistically significant (exact Fisher test, p < 0.05). Conclusion. Transpedicular screw placement with two-level navigation templates in narrow pedicles is more correct than insertion by free hand technique.

Keywords

• 3d-printing
• navigation template
• scoliosis
• difficult implantation