Plasma concentration of norepinephrine, β-endorphin, and substance P in lame dairy cows

Abstract

Lameness is a painful and debilitating condition that affects dairy cows worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the plasma concentration of norepinephrine, β-endorphin, and substance P in dairy cows with lameness and different mobility scores (MS).

Keywords

• dairy cows
• norepinephrine
• β-endorphin
• substance p
• lameness