Tillage techniques in grass crop rotations in Western Kazakhstan

Abstract

The transition to new technologies is predetermined by global and domestic scientific and production experience and general trends in the development of agriculture. The basis of grass crop rotations is the general biological principle of the different effects of perennial grasses on the soil. To the problem of forage production for the conditions of the arid steppe of Western Kazakhstan with an annual rainfall of 250-300 mm, a method of using forage crops based on grass crop rotation is proposed. Periodic change of different crops in crop rotation plays a positive phytosanitary role in clearing the soil of weeds. The article discusses three types of soil cultivation techniques based on the principles of sustainable production of grain crops and stabilization of soil fertility in the conditions of Western Kazakhstan. The research was carried out on the basis of the Ural Agricultural Experimental Station LLP. The purpose of the research is to develop methods of soil cultivation in grass crop rotations for the accumulation, conservation and rational use of soil moisture in resource-saving technologies for cultivating basic field crops, ensuring the preservation of soil fertility, improving the phytosanitary condition of crops in the dry steppe zone of Western Kazakhstan. The objective of the research is to study the influence of methods for processing turf of perennial grasses in the structure of crop rotations in order to stabilize soil fertility and the phytosanitary condition of crops. Three types of processing were used in the studies: flat cutter, slotting + cultivation, cultivation. Grass crop rotation was sown over a layer of perennial grasses and included the following forage crops: sorghum, corn and millet. The best results in terms of yield were observed based on the joint interaction of technologies for factor B (slotting + cultivation).