Formation of particles prepared using chitosan and their trimethyl chitosan derivatives for oral vaccine delivery: Effect of molecular weight and degree of quaternization

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of molecular weight (MW) of chitosan and the degree ofquaternization (DQ) of trimethyl chitosan (TMC) on the formation of particles. The amount of tripolyphosphate (TPP) wasvaried in order to optimize the preparation condition of particles. Particle size, zeta potential, loading efficiency (LE) of ovalbumin(OVA), a model antigen, and OVA release profiles were also investigated in order to select the best systems for oralvaccine delivery. The results showed that the amount of TPP added has an effect on the ability of chitosan and TMC polymerto form particles. The formation of chitosan particles required a higher amount of TPP than that of TMC particles. Using thesame amount of TPP, the MW of chitosan did not have an effect on particle formation whereas the DQ of TMC had. Dependingon the amount of TPP, the size of particles prepared from chitosan and their TMC were in the range of 0.5-2.3 m andtheir positive charges were in the range of 3-48 mV. Adding the same amount of TPP, the size of the chitosan particles waslarger than that of their respective TMC particles. The size of the TMC particles was decreased with increasing of DQ. Thezeta potential of the TMC particles was higher than that of their starting chitosan particles and it increased with increasingDQ. The loading efficiency (LE) of OVA onto the TMC particles was charge-dependent. MW did not affect the LE of chitosanparticles. The OVA release from the particles prepared depended on the solubility and loading capacity of the particles.

Keywords

• chitosan
• trimethyl chitosan
• formation of particles
• molecular weight
• degree of quaternization